LINUX NETWORKING

Linux supports many different networking protocols such as:

TCP/IP

UDP/IP

IPX/SPX

Appletalk

DLC

DECnet

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

• TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication between computers on the Internet.
• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.

UDP/IP

• UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a simple OSI transport layer protocol for client/server network applications based on Internet Protocol (IP). UDP is the main alternative to TCP and one of the oldest network protocols in existence, introduced in 1980.
•      UDP is often used in videoconferencing applications or computer games specially tuned for real-time performance. 

IPX/SPX

• IPX/SPX stands for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange. IPX and SPX are networking protocols used primarily on networks using the Novell NetWare operating systems.

APPLETALK

• Appletalk is the name of Apple's internetworking stack.
• It allows a peer-to-peer network model which provides basic functionality such as file and printer sharing.
• Each machine can simultaneously act as a client and a server, and the software and hardware necessary are included with every Apple computer.

DLC

• DLC - Data Link Control operates at the data link layer and is designed for communications between Hewlett-Packard network printers and IBM mainframe computers on a DECnet network. 

DECnet

• is a group of data-communications products, including a protocol suite, developed and supported by Digital Equipment Corporation.
• The first version of DECnet, released in 1975, allowed two directly attached PDP-11 minicomputers to communicate.
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• Network Command
• Some common Linux command for network

 a) ifconfig : configure a network interface , used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set up interfaces as necessary.

b) dhclient: This script is used by the dhcp client to set each interface's initial configuration prior to requesting an address, to test the address once it has been offered, and to set the interface's final configuration once a lease has been acquired.

c) ping:  is a computer network administration utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.